![]() ![]() canine parvovirus, feline panleukopenia, bovine virus diarrhea) Immune-mediated neutropenia, hemophagocytic syndromes, histiocytic sarcoma, drugs (chemotherapeutic agents), toxins and viruses (e.g. Physiologic neutrophilia (catecholamines), stress neutrophilia (corticosteroids)īovine/canine leukocyte adhesion deficiencyĭog breeds (Tervuren Shepherds, Australian Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers)īone marrow aplasia, ineffective myelopoiesis (immune-mediated, infectious agents, drugs, histiocytic disorders), myelophthisis (leukemia, lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma), drug-induced injury, cyclic hematopoiesis in grey collies infectious agents (FIV, FeLV, Ehrlichia canis)īacterial sepsis, tumor necrosis, abscess, endotoxemia Most common: Corticosteroids (stress), epinephrine (physiologic) and inflammation Increased the specific leukocytes that are increased or decreased rather than the WBC in isolation. It is more useful to look at the nature of the increased or decreased WBC, i.e. chronic renal disease), bone marrow disease (many causes)Īn increased or decreased WBC can be from many causes. inflammatory disease), lack of erythropoietin (e.g. In anemic animals indicates a non-regenerative anemia or decreased/defective bone marrow production: Suppression from extramedullary disease (e.g. Regenerative anemia (Hemorrhage or hemolysis), lead poisoning (may be due to erythropoiesis or increased release), compensated hemolytic anemia (non-anemic animals), absolute polycythemia (primary or secondary – non-anemic animals)ĭogs and cats with hematocrits in the reference interval Increasedĭogs with mid to high normal hematocrit (>45%) For more information, see assessment of regeneration. In general, the absolute reticulocyte count is used to assess if an anemia is regenerative or not. This is primarily done for dogs and cats. These are immature anucleated RBC and are quantified as part of the regenerative response. Splenic hemangiosarcoma, exogenous corticosteroids, post-splenectomy Hereditary macrocytosis (Miniature and Toy Poodles) neoplasia (acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome) Sepsis, heat stroke (dogs), endotoxemia (mainly cats and llamas) horses – rare Species – camelids, dogs (Miniature Schnauzers, Dachshunds), premature neonates/fetuses Will be increased if there are increased numbers of smaller or bigger RBC (see MCV for causes of smaller and larger RBC). Lead poisoning, vitamin B6 deficiency, copper deficiency (all uncommon causes)Īn index of the variation in cell volume within the red blood cell population. Regenerative anemia (normal or high MCV), iron deficiency anemia (low MCV) RBC swelling with storage (common), hyperosmolality (e.g. Lipemia (common), Heinz bodies (uncommon), hemolysis ( in vitro or in vivo), oxyhemoglobin, nRBC (uncommon), agglutination, excess EDTA (common) (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) Inherited dyserythropoietic disorder in English Springer Spaniels (rare) Iron deficiency, nutritional deficiency (copper, pyridoxine), excess zinc (interferes with iron absorption) ![]() Inherited abnormalities in erythropoiesisĬongenital dyserythropoietic anemia (Polled Hereford cattle, Poodles) – uncommonĪge (puppies, kittens, foals, calves), breed (Akitas, Shiba Inu, Shar Pei, Siberian Husky)Ĭhloramphenicol, lead (secondary iron deficiency) Primary myelodysplasia, folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency (both uncommon), hydroxyurea (interference with DNA metabolism) Alaskan Malamutes, Miniature Schnauzers, Pomeranians, Drentsche Patrijshond)ĭefects in nuclear maturation/DNA synthesis Regenerative anemia (immature RBCs can have bigger volumes, but not always) ![]() hypernatremia)īreed (Greyhounds, Miniature and Toy Poodles), fetal RBC RBC clumping or agglutination, storage-changes (swelling – common), hyperosmolality (e.g. Hemolysis ( in vitro), clotting of sample, agglutination Thrombocytosis with large platelets (marked, rare) IV fluid dilution, splenic relaxation (anesthetic agents, tranquilizers)Īnemia – Hemorrhage, hemolysis, ↓ production Hemolysis ( in vitro), false decreases in MCV (excess EDTA – common, hyponatremia) Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera or chronic erythroid leukemia, rare), secondary polycythemia due to appropriate secretion of erythropoietin (hypoxia) or inappropriate secretion of erythropoietin (renal cysts/neoplasia, other neoplasia) False increases in MCV (HCT is a calculated value): Uptake of water with storage (delayed processing) or hyper-osmolality (hypernatremia, hyperglycemia etc), agglutinationĭehydration (common), splenic contraction (horses particularly) ![]()
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